The purpose of this paper is to explain whether there is an impact of hate speech and hoax news in social media exposure -either directly or indirectly through the level of media literacy- on prejudice and religious intolerance among teenagers. In general, the result of this research shows that there is a significant effect of […]

The emergence of the internet and social media has changed the ease of interaction and the position of humans where they are no longer just as consumers, but as producers and distributors of messages. Whatsapp as the top three social media platforms that are widely used in Indonesia is one of the most common social […]

The rapid development of technology and communication had given birth to a new world order that gave an impact on all aspects of the lives of citizens. This new world order was often known as social media; a new media that was born in the digital era as a result of the existence of the […]

For a number of scholars, the emergence of middle class society is a considerable phenomenon. Moreover, it is linked to the transformation of education in the digital era. The middle class society has relatively established economic background, well-educated (senior secondary school and high education graduates), and high democratic consciousness. The number also flourished and thrives […]

In this era, people’s lives are intertwined with the Internet and digital media although society might have to bear potential negative effects of these platforms. Free flow of information and the rise of hate speech, fake news and disinformation on the Internet have no doubt increased social polarization. Furthermore, a new phenomenon has arisen, which […]